Journal: Biomaterials
Article Title: Dual inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis using a hyaluronic acid nanoparticle NOX inhibitor enhanced response to radiotherapy in colorectal cancer.
doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123437
Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Combination of HANP/GKT831 inhibited tumor progression and impacted metabolism with radiotherapy. HANP/GKT831 enhanced sensitivity to radiation and suppressed cell migration and invasion in the MC38 mouse tumor cells. A. Colony formation assay detected cell colonies resistant to 2 Gy of RT (n = 3). B. Transwell migration assay evaluated cell migration following the treatments. Cells were treated with 0.01 μM of conventional GKT831 or HANP/GKT831 con taining 0.01 μM of equivalent doses of GKT831. Quantification of 2D migration assay after 48 h in culture (n = 5). HANP/GKT831 reduced the protein levels of representative signal molecules in glycolysis, mitochondrial OXPHOS, and DNA repair pathways. C. The levels of Western blot analysis of NOX1, NOX4, glycolysis related (Hexokinase 2 and PKM2), and mitochondrial OXPHOS associated proteins (MT-ATP6 and MT-ND1). D. The protein levels in the cell cycle and DNA repair pathway, Cyclin D1, MSH6, and CHK1 proteins, were examined from the treated tumor lysates by Western blot analysis. β-actin served as the loading control. Similar results were obtained from at least 3 repeated studies. Student’s t-test: *p < 0.05 and ****p < 0.0001.
Article Snippet: After transferring to a polyvinylidene difluoride and blocking in 5 % of milk in tris-buffered saline (TBS) for 1 h, the blots were probed with rabbit anti-NOX1 antibody (MBS9609001, MYBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), rabbit anti-NOX4 antibody (MBS820230, MYBioSource), anti-Hexokinase II rabbit monoclonal antibody (C64G5, Cell Signaling Technology), anti PKM2 XP rabbit monoclonal antibody (D78A4, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-MT-ATP6 antibody (70262, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-MT-ND1 antibody (NBP2-94462, NOVUS, MO, USA), anti-Cyclin D1 rabbit monoclonal antibody (2978, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-MSH6 antibody (MBS9626584, MYBioSource), rabbit anti-Phospho-Chk1 (Ser345) antibody (#2341, Cell Signaling Technology), hamster anti MCP-1 (CCL2) antibody (505911, Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA), rabbit antiCXCL10 monoclonal antibody (701225, Invitrogen), anti-β-Actin mouse monoclonal antibody (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich).
Techniques: Migration, Colony Assay, Transwell Migration Assay, Western Blot, Control